Understanding Common SEN and Additional Learning Needs

SEN and Learning Differences

• Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) OR Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD)
• ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
• Speech, Language & Communication Needs (SLCN)
• Social, Emotional & Mental Health (SEMH) Needs
• Sensory Impairments (Hearing/Visual
• Physical Disabilities / Medical Needs)
• Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD)

SEN and Learning Differences

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) OR Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Difficulties with communication, social interaction, and flexibility; may have sensory sensitivities. Use clear, consistent language and structure. Reduce sensory overload where possible. Allow extra time for processing or transitions. ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) Inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity. Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD) Speech, Language & Communication Needs (SLCN) Difficulties in understanding or using spoken language; may struggle with social communication. Note: Individuals with

• Use short, clear instructions.
• Allow movement breaks or use of fidget tools.
• Help learners stay on task with gentle prompts and structure.
• Dyslexia – affects reading and spelling.
• Dyspraxia – impacts coordination and organisation.
• Dyscalculia – difficulties with maths and numbers.
• Offer written instructions in accessible formats (e.g. coloured paper, simplified text).
• Break tasks down and check understanding.

You don’t need to be a specialist – you just need to care, observe and adapt.

Your support makes a real difference. Always take a person-centered approach – needs vary significantly between individuals, even with the same diagnosis. Work closely with tutors and the SEN/ALS team, communication is key. Respect learners’ dignity, preferences and independence – “nothing about me, without me.” Don’t panic if you’re unsure - ask questions, and use your team for support.